Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Overview
Chronic kidney disease is the most common serious chronic illness in older cats. It occurs when kidney function gradually declines over time, reducing the body’s ability to filter toxins and maintain hydration balance.
Because kidneys cannot regenerate effectively, CKD is progressive and irreversible, but it can be slowed significantly with treatment.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst and urination
- Weight loss despite eating
- Vomiting
- Poor appetite
- Bad breath (ammonia-like odor)
- Lethargy
Causes & Risk Factors
- Aging (most common)
- Genetic predisposition (Persians, Abyssinians)
- High blood pressure
- Chronic dehydration
- Previous kidney infections
Treatment
- Prescription kidney diet (low phosphorus, controlled protein)
- Subcutaneous fluid therapy
- Blood pressure medication (amlodipine)
- Phosphate binders
- Anti-nausea medications
Prognosis
Varies by stage; early diagnosis can extend quality of life by years.
References
- Cornell Feline Health Center: https://www.vet.cornell.edu
IRIS Kidney Guidelines: https://www.iris-kidney.com