Canine Distemper
Overview
Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects a dog’s respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. It is often fatal, especially in puppies and unvaccinated dogs.
The virus spreads through airborne exposure and bodily fluids and can progress from mild respiratory illness to severe neurological damage.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Nasal and eye discharge
- Coughing
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Seizures (advanced stage)
- Muscle twitching
- Neurological decline
Causes & Transmission
- Airborne droplets from infected dogs
- Shared bowls or bedding
- Wildlife reservoirs (raccoons, foxes)
- Unvaccinated exposure
Treatment
There is no cure for the virus itself:
- IV fluids
- Antibiotics (secondary infections)
- Anti-seizure medication
- Nutritional support
- Hospitalization
Prognosis
Poor in neurological cases; moderate if caught early and supported aggressively.
References
- Merck Veterinary Manual
- AVMA: https://www.avma.org